Comparison of Charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce et...

Comparison of Charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce et Decorum A Comparison of Two Poems In this essay I will compare two poems. The poems that I will discuss, are ’Charge of the Light Brigade’ by Alfred, Lord Tennyson and ‘Dulce Et Decorum’ by Wilfred Owen. Wilfred Owen was actually a fighter in the war, where as Alfred, Lord Tennyson only wrote the poem on what he had heard and he had no experience of war. Although both poems are about war, they are a complete contrast to each other, not only in the way they are written but also with the message they deliver. ‘Charge of the Light Brigade’ delivers a strong message. The theme of this poem is war. The poem gives us the impression that war is glorious and noble. The poem†¦show more content†¦The assonance in this sentence sounds likes the horses trotting at a steady pace towards the opposition. In stanza two we continue picturing them heading towards war but also picture some drama and shouting. ‘â€Å"Forward, the light Brigade!† Was there a man dismay’d? Not tho’ the soldier knew someone had blunder’d’. We also imagine them showing great courage, ‘Their’s but to do and die: Into the valley of Death Rode the six hundred.’ In stanza three we picture them staring death straight in the eye as they are directly in front of the opposition, ‘Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them’ although they are in a terrifying situation the writer still makes them sound noble and courageous ‘Boldly they rode well, Into the jaws of Death, Into the mouth of Hell Rode the six hundred.’ Stanza four tells us about the battle. There is a great deal of onomatopoeia in stanza four which works well as it causes us to picture and hear exactly what is happening. Words such as: ’Plunged’, ’Reel’d’, Shatter’d and sunder’d’ are used. In stanza five we are told about them leaving the battle ‘Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon behind them’ at this point the writer helps us to feel thankful for what the warriors did and persuades us to earn a great deal of respect for the fighters as he says: While horse and hero fell, They that had fought so well Came thro’ the jawsShow MoreRelated Comparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade3627 Words   |  15 PagesComparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade Compare and contrast the two poems Dulce et Decorum Est (Owen) with Charge of the Light Brigade (Tennyson), paying particular attention to the writers’ attitude to war. The attitudes of poets towards war have always been expressed vigorously in their poetry, each poet either condoning or condemning war, and mitigating their attitudes in whatever way possible. I aim to explore the change in the portrayal of war beforeRead More A Comparison of Wilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum est to Alfred Tennyson’s Charge of the Light Brigade1881 Words   |  8 PagesA Comparison of Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† to Alfred Tennyson’s â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade† In this essay I will attempt to compare and contrast Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† to Alfred Tennyson’s â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade†. I will examine the use of poetic devices in the poems as well as outline what is happening in each. Wilfred Owen was born on the 18th of March 1893 in owestry, United Kingdom. He was the oldest of four children and was educated in an evangelicalRead MoreCompare and Contrast Dulce Et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade1442 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Charge Of The Light Brigade†. What images of war do these two poems convey? We have been studying the war poems Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen and Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson. Dulce Et Decorum Est was written during the First World War from 1914 to 1918 whilst Charge Of The Light Brigade was composed in the 19th century, and describes a battle that took place during the Crimean War. Both poems give a different impressionRead MoreComparing Dulce et Decorum Est with The Charge of The Light Brigade922 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Dulce et Decorum Est with The Charge of The Light Brigade The poems I am going to compare and contrast are Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen and The Charge of The Light Brigade by the Poet Laureate of his time, Lord Tennyson. These poems both have a main subject of war. The main difference though, which leads to many other differences in the two poems are that they were written very in different centuries and times. This time difference meant approachesRead MorePoetry Comparison Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry Comparison There have been many wars throughout time. Most people learn the facts through: papers, films, books or poems, but I am comparing two similar poems which have different meanings. Wilfred Owen who wrote the poem Dulce et Decorum est or Lord Alfred Tennyson who wrote The Charge of the Light Brigade. They are both based around the theme of war. Lord Alfred Tennyson is pro war and thinks its a good thing to die for your country. His poem was writtenRead MorePoem, The Charge Of The Light Brigade And Dulce Et Decorum Est1841 Words   |  8 PagesElizabeth Miller Literary Studies May 8, 2017 Literary Research Paper Tennyson Owen War Poems Their Ideas The poems, The Charge of The Light Brigade and Dulce et Decorum Est, both deal with an idea of war. The writers both have the same viewpoint about war, but the way that they articulate those ideas on paper varies. Through literary devices in the poems, the authors show two different wars, but the same tragic outcome – death. These two poems showcase how people can have different outlooksRead MoreComparing Dulce ET Decorum EST and the Charge of the Light Brigade759 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Dulce ET Decorum EST and the Charge of the Light Brigade Although both Dulce et Decorum Est. ´ and The Charge of the Light Brigade are about battle and the death of soldiers, they show the experience of war in different ways. Tennyson ´s poem is about the glory of war, despite the fact that, the English parliament had the wrong judgment this is why six hundred soldiers died. Wilfred Owen ´s poem, on the other hand, tells everybody what has really happenedRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est2365 Words   |  10 Pagesforce we call propaganda. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est pro patria mori† is a controversial phrase used to describe the benefits of going to war. It has different translations but it basically states â€Å"it is sweet and fitting to die for one’s country†, this is just one of the many techniques a nation could use to shade the soldiers to the harsh reality of war. In this essay I will be evaluating two poems Dulce et Decorum est and The Charge of the Light Brigade. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum† est is a poem about war writtenRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge of the Light Brigade - Poem Comparing and Contrasting Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pageshave opposing views about wars which may have been developed over time based on many factors such as family upbringing, culture, political views, or personal experiences. In the two poems studied, Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum est and A lfred, Lord Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade, war has been described with completely opposing views. In the former, Owen describes war as a horrifying and inglorious event with men in war being grim and sorrowful while the soldiers died devastatingly. OnRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge Of The Light Brigade - Poem Comparing And Contrasting Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pageshave opposing views about wars which may have been developed over time based on many factors such as family upbringing, culture, political views, or personal experiences. In the two poems studied, Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum est and Alfred, Lord Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade, war has been described with completely opposing views. In the former, Owen describes war as a horrifying and inglorious event with men in war being grim and sorrowful while the soldiers died devastatingly. On

Cyberbullying Free Essays

string(37) " of the time it is done anonymously\." ?For decades, physical bullying has been a consistent problem for young people attending school. Yet the rapid growth of the Internet has redefined how students pick on one another, giving the traditional bullying a new form. Cyberbullying is now the new era of bullying; where faces can be hidden and hurtful words can be stamped for the world to see. We will write a custom essay sample on Cyberbullying or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since the creation of social networking sites, online bullying has become a global phenomenon and has been affecting hundreds of lives worldwide, especially lives of young adults. Nobody deserves to go through a situation like this and a solution needs to be found so lives can be saved and the Internet can again be a safe place for everybody. Social networking websites have changed the dynamic of the Internet in recent years (Top 10, 2012). The old Internet cycle, which was only an outlet for news articles, is gone, it has now become much more than just news and information, it is an outlet for entertainment and to communicate with people globally in the click of a button. There are a variety of networking websites; however, the most popular and influential worldwide are Facebook and Twitter (Top 10, 2012). Quite shockingly are the statistics about social networking and Facebook numbers alone, are enough to prove the huge impact that these sites can have a huge impact on society (Honigman, 2012). Facebook has 850 million active users every month and 85% of the women that uses Facebook claim that they have negative attitudes towards their online â€Å"friends† or more so they should be called acquaintances. Most disturbing is the fact that 90% of all sex related links are shared with more frequency than any other link (Honigman, 2012). With its pros and cons, social networking has become more of a life style than anything else (Smarty, 2013). On the positive side, communication has become simple and easy; people from all over the world have the ability to communicate with one another no matter where they are. For business to customer relationships there have been improvements, due to the fact that businesses can now market their products or services in an easier and more affordable way and customers are able to constantly be part of their favorite stores and businesses, receiving often updates and promotions. Social networking allows people with same interests come together to share their ideas and feelings, in those called â€Å"groups† in which most of the time, the group’s members do not even know each other in real life (Smarty, 2013). On the negative side, social network takes away the real face-to-face communication and that exciting feeling of receiving a letter in the mail from a distant friend or family member (Cosmato, 2013). In person socialization in a lot of cases, is turning into an almost virtual scenario, where people meet with friends but are constantly checking their phones for the latest updates on social network. An issue with virtual communication is that gives people more confidence to say no or to argue about an issue. This can disguise the personality of a person, because they are really hiding their feelings and insecurities. A major problem that is contributed by the easy access to social networking is the issue of cyberbullying. Inappropriate messages and contents can be quickly spread all over these websites with the intent to harass and damage someone’s reputation (Cosmato, 2013). Just as if real life bullying was not enough, cyberbullying is now, the newest form of destruction and interruption that someone can perform against another human beings life (Furman, 2013). Teens and even children are hidden behind their computers and cell phones with the malicious objective to attack others with hurtful words and/or images that can cause permanent damage. There is various forms that cyberbullying can be performed, such as sending messages, phone calls, impersonating someone, creating websites and blogs about the victims, and taking videos or pictures of a person in order to embarrass them (Furman, 2013). Instagram is becoming the place of choice for cyberbullies when it comes to images (Furman, 2013). Pictures of the victims are being posted together with a question that requires other people to vote, such as he or she is stupid or fat, and later, the picture is sent to the victim that will never forget the horrible insult. Being bullied online even if by a single individual is like being bullied by the whole world, considering that anyone can have access to the content and anything posted online spreads like a wildfire. Society needs to be aware that cyberbullying is a problem that affects every country, not only the United States and it needs to end (Furman, 2013). As a matter of fact, in a recent study, China was ranked the number one country for cyberbullying, 70% of young people in China claimed to already have experienced online bullying against them, followed by Singapore with 58%, and India with 53% (Shetty, 2012). According to the charity Ditch the Label’s Annual Cyberbullying Survey, even though thousands of distasteful pictures are published and shared on Instagram, still the most popular websites around the world for online bullying are Facebook, Twitter, and Ask. fm (George, 2013). The survey sampled over 10,000 adolescents from the age of thirteen to twenty-two years of age, from different countries and seven in ten of them have experienced cyberbullying. The numbers are alarming and worthy of attention, 37% of surveyed suffered frequently cyberbullying and 20% suffered extremely on a daily basis. Sadly, the study numbers also show that 70% of young people around the world that have been victims of cyberbullying suffer from problems with self-esteem and socialization (George, 2013). In addition, teens from Ireland actually consider cyberbullying much worse than real life bullying (Croffey, 2012). Having in mind that it is much harder to run away from the virtual world’s abuse because of its frequency and lack of place limit (Coffrey, 2012). Often cyberbullying is considered worse than traditional bullying in light of that most of the time it is done anonymously. You read "Cyberbullying" in category "Papers" The audience can easily be global and there is no place, such as school since all it is needed to be performed is a cell phone or computer, and the victim can be attacked 24 hours a day 7 days a week (Traditional, 2013). Traditional or online, bullying in general is a horrific problem to society and an even bigger issue when directed to those that are going through adolescence (Traditional, 2013). Teen years are the crucial phase to a person’s development and unfortunately, at this specific period a variety of emotions take place leaving them vulnerable and insecure about themselves. The process of being a victim of online bullying immediately makes them believe that something is wrong with them and these insecurities together with cyberbullying can lead to terrible effects in adolescents (Traditional, 2013). Additionally, cyberbullying can have psychological and physical effects to the victim (Nelson, 2010). Although, no contact happens in real life, the physical effects are still present. Kids that suffer these attacks can experience physical effects; like headaches, difficulty sleeping, stomach problems, and many more issues. Side effects that cause harm to the individual’s mental health are very concerning and there is a diversity of psychological effects that an individual can suffer from online bullying (Nelson, 2010) Fear plays a big role in the psychological effects associated with cyberbullying, where the person fears the situation and also develop a fear of using technology (Nelson, 2010). A sudden change in the behavior towards computers or cell phones where the individual becomes afraid of having any contact with technology devices fearing that something could happen is a sign that something is affecting them (Nelson, 2010). Another effect is isolation in which they develop other symptoms like low self-esteem, and depression that sometimes can lead to suicide (Sherman, 2011). In most cases isolation is the first effect after their issue with fear, making the victim want to avoid school or social events, with a feeling of being alone against the acts of bullying. In consequence of that, low self-esteem starts to develop and can easily progress into depression. Particularly, depression is a serious issue among teenagers and it can result in episodes of over-eating or refusing to eat, the use of alcohol and illegal drugs, bursts of anger or sadness, poor performance in school, and the most distressing, thoughts of suicide (Sherman, 2011). As indicated by the National Health Institute victims of cyberbullying have significantly higher levels of depression than victims of traditional bullying (Bock Miller, 2010). Lamentably, depression in some cases, can result in suicidal thoughts and a research from Yale University that included 13 different countries says that teens are 2 to 9 times more likely to cogitate suicide if victim of bullying, especially online (Bullying, 2008). To compliment, another study done by The Adolescent Communication Institute of Annenberg Public Policy Center showed that in the United States alone, kids that are victims of cyberbullying are four times more likely to think about suicide when compared to non-victims (Romer, 2010). Cases of suicide linked to cyberbullying are frequently focus of news headlines worldwide (Edwards, 2013). A report shows that every year 4,500 kids take their lives in consequence of cyberbullying (Laird, 2012). Suicide is the third leading cause of teen’s death in the United States and in Australia; suicide is the second leading cause, staying behind of only motor vehicle accidents (Laird, 2012). Ask. fm, a social networking website from Europe where half of its subscribers are under the age of eighteen, is linked to nine suicide cases that happened between September 2012 and September 2013 (Edward, 2013). In addition, these nine cases of suicide are important to demonstrate to society, the global dimension that cyberbullying has taken over the years and how it is affecting kids from all over the world (Edward, 2013). In other for this global phenomenon to stop, the whole world needs to come together as one, and fortunately, 80% of people worldwide are aware of the problem and agree that parents and schools are the fundamental pieces in the prevention of these mean acts (Smith, 2012). In some countries, the rates of parents that claim to be actively conscious of the situation are high, such as 91% in Indonesia and 83% in Poland; with that being a major step for the dissolution of this problem (Smith, 2012). Besides parents, schools are very important for this process, since kids usually spend more hours in school than anywhere else except at home (Battista, 2011). Schools have an important role in educating kids and teens about cyberbullying, teaching them to have mutual respect for individuals, independent of race or gender. Even more, they need to educate kids about how the inappropriate use of technology can deeply affect someone’s life and that even though cyberbullying is an online practice, can still be brought up to justice with harsh consequences (Battista, 2011). Equally important is the need of a reform in international legislative, where all countries should be in accordance to better perform against cyberbullying acts (Elder, 2011). Unfortunately, these procedure is not as easy at it sounds. From a total of 196 countries, only 45 have some type of law that includes online bullying (Elder, 2011). Some countries, like the United States, have not yet reach a law agreement among its states to combat cyberbullying; furthermore, 28 out of 50 states in the country do not even have included cyberbullying in its traditional bullying law so far (Hinduja, 2013). Finally, social networking websites should allow users the option to block anonymous messages; doing so, harm could be avoided and potential victims saved. After all, these websites have evolved through the years, becoming a global sensation and now influencing many lives around the world. Some individuals, mostly teens, suffer the negative impacts of social networking through cyberbullying that can leave lifetime scars. Innumerous of them chose to take their lives, leaving behind families and friends with anxiety that they did not do anything to help the victim. Cyberbullying needs to be stopped before it starts, and that is why families and schools, worldwide, needs to come together and do everything on their powers to stop this heartless attacks. Moreover, the legislative system of every country should change their laws regarding online bullying and come to a global agreement, so kids and teens can live in a better and safer place. How to cite Cyberbullying, Papers

Open Economy vs. Closed Economy free essay sample

1. Open Economy vs. Closed Economy †¢Open Economy A country has an open economy if it is joining international trade, which exporting and importing are collectively together. Selling or buying of goods or services to a foreign country is allowed in this kind of economy. The Market-economy is mostly free from trade barriers and where exports and imports form a large percentage of the GDP. Imports give citizens of a country access to products and services provided by other nations, which allows for more consumer freedom because people have a wider range of choices. Exports allow companies and citizens to break into other markets to find new buyers for their products. Consumers also have an opportunity to invest their savings outside of the country. The open economy actively encourages importing any goods or services that cannot be produced domestically at competitive prices. The open economy motivates the interaction in a global community. We will write a custom essay sample on Open Economy vs. Closed Economy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †¢Closed Economy Closed economy focuses on all economic transactions inward rather than outward. No activity conducted with outside economies. The idea behind the closed economy is to meet all consumer needs with the purchase and sale of goods and services that are produced within the economys borders. In addition to meeting the needs and desires of all consumers within the economy, the method also excludes the possibility of exporting goods and services. Thus, the economy is considered to be completely self-sufficient, meaning that no imports are brought in and no exports are sent out. Closed economy is definitely built on the concept of isolation from other countries.

Performing Personal Hygiene Rituals Without Gravity

Performing Personal Hygiene Rituals Without Gravity There are many things we take for granted here on Earth that take on a whole new aspect in orbit. On Earth, we expect our food to stay on our plates. Water stays in containers. And, we always have an ample supply of air to breathe. In space, all those activities are a lot more difficult and require careful planning. Thats because of the microgravity environments that astronauts live in on orbit. Astronaut Ed Lu uses chopsticks to hold his food and a drink packet to keep fluids from escaping before he drinks them.   NASA The Complexity of Life in Space All human missions have to deal not only with feeding and housing astronauts, but taking care of their other bodily needs. In particular, for long-duration missions, the management of ordinary daily habits becomes even more important since these activities require sanitary conditions to operate in the weightlessness of space. Space agency folks around the world spend a lot of time designing such systems. Taking a Shower There used to be no way to take a shower on an orbital craft, so astronauts had to make do with sponge baths until they returned home. They washed with wet washcloths and utilized  soaps that do not require rinsing. Keeping clean in space is as important as it is at home, and even doubly so since astronauts at times spend long hours in space suits wearing diapers so they can stay outside and get their work done.   Astronaut Karen Nygard shows how an astronaut can do a shampoo in space. NASA Things have changed and nowadays, there are shower units on the International Space Station. Astronauts jump into a round, curtained chamber to shower. When theyre done, the machine suctions up all the water droplets from their shower.  To provide a little privacy, they extend the curtain of the WCS (Waste Collection System), the toilet or bathroom. These same systems may well be used on the Moon or an asteroid or Mars when humans get around to visiting those places in the near future.   Brushing Teeth Its not only possible to brush your teeth in space, but its also essential since the nearest dentist is a few hundred miles away if somebody gets a cavity. But, tooth brushing presented a unique problem for astronauts during early space travel. Its a messy operation- they cant really just spit in space and expect the environment to stay tidy. So, a dental consultant with NASAs Johnson Space Center in Houston developed a toothpaste, now marketed commercially as NASADent, that can be swallowed. Foamless and ingestible, it has been a major breakthrough for the elderly, hospital patients, and others who have trouble brushing their teeth.   Astronauts who can not bring themselves to swallow the toothpaste, or who have brought their own favorite brands, sometimes spit into a washcloth. Using the Toilet One of the most-asked questions that NASA receives is about bathroom rituals. Every astronaut gets asked the question, How do you go to the bathroom in space? The answer is, very carefully. Since there is no gravity to either hold a toilet bowl full of water in place or pull human wastes down, designing a toilet for zero-gravity was no easy task. NASA had to use air flow to direct urine and feces.   The toilets on the International Space Station  are designed to look and feel as similar to those on Earth as possible. However, there are some important differences. Astronauts must use straps to hold their feet against the floor and pivoting bars swing across the thighs, ensuring the user remains seated. Since the system operates on a vacuum, a tight seal is essential. Beside the main toilet bowl, there is a hose, which is utilized as a urinal by men and women. It can be used in a standing position or can be attached to the commode by a pivoting mounting bracket for use in a sitting position. A separate receptacle allows for disposal of wipes. All units use flowing air instead of water to move waste through the system. The human waste is separated and solid wastes are compressed, exposed to vacuum, and stored for later removal. Wastewater is vented to space, although future systems may recycle it. The air is filtered to remove odor and bacteria and then returned to the station. This is the toilet device used onboard the Russian Soyuz craft.   Maksym Kozlenko, CC BY-SA-4.0 Future waste-removal systems on long-term missions may involve recycling for onboard hydroponics and gardens systems or other recycling requirements. Space bathrooms have come a long way from the early days when astronauts had pretty crude methods to handle the situation. Fast Facts Personal hygiene tasks in space are a lot more complex than here on Earth. The low-gravity environment requires more care.Shower systems have been installed on space stations, but they require very careful attention to make sure water does not stray into the crew compartments and electronics.Toilet facilities use suction and other devices to direct materials for safe storage and away from the walls and electronics. Edited and updated by  Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Benjamin O. Davis - Tuskegee Airmen - World War II

Benjamin O. Davis - Tuskegee Airmen - World War II Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. (born December 18,  1912  at Washington, DC)  earned fame as the leader of the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II. He had a decorated thirty-eight-year career before he retired from active duty. He died on July 4, 2002, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery with much distinction. Early Years Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. was the son of Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. and his wife Elnora.  A career US Army officer, the elder Davis later became the services first African-American general in 1941. Losing his mother at age four, the younger Davis was raised on various military posts and watched as his fathers career was hampered by the US Armys segregationist policies. In 1926, Davis had his first experience with aviation when he was able to fly with a pilot from Bolling Field. After briefly attending the University of Chicago, he elected to pursue a military career with the hope of learning to fly. Seeking admission to West Point, Davis received an appointment from Congressmen Oscar DePriest, the only African-American member of the House of Representatives, in 1932. West Point Though Davis hoped that his classmates would judge him on his character and performance rather than his race, he was quickly shunned by the other cadets. In an effort to force him from the academy, the cadets subjected him to the silent treatment. Living and dining alone, Davis endured and graduated in 1936. Only the academys fourth African-American graduate, he ranked 35th in a class of 278. Though Davis had applied for admission to the Army Air Corps and possessed the requisite qualifications, he was denied as there were no all-black aviation units. As a result, he was posted to the all-black 24th Infantry Regiment. Based at Fort Benning, he commanded a service company until attending the Infantry School. Completing the course, he received orders to move to Tuskegee Institute as a Reserve Officers Training Corps instructor. Learning to Fly As Tuskegee was a traditionally African-American college, the position allowed the US Army to assign Davis somewhere where he could not command white troops. In 1941, with World War II raging overseas, President Franklin Roosevelt and Congress directed the War Department to form an all-black flying unit within the Army Air Corps. Admitted to the first training class at nearby Tuskegee Army Air Field, Davis became the first African-American pilot to solo in an Army Air Corps aircraft. Winning his wings on March 7, 1942, he was one of the first five African-American officers to graduate from the program. He would be followed by nearly 1,000 more Tuskegee Airmen. 99th Pursuit Squadron Having been promoted to lieutenant colonel in May, Davis was given command of the first all-black combat unit, the 99th Pursuit Squadron. Working up through the fall of 1942, the 99th was originally scheduled to provide air defense over Liberia but later was directed to the Mediterranean to support the campaign in North Africa. Equipped with Curtiss P-40 Warhawks, Davis command began operating from Tunis, Tunisia in June 1943 as part of the 33rd Fighter Group. Arriving, their operations were hampered by segregationist and racist actions on the part of 33rds commander, Colonel William Momyer. Ordered to a ground attack role, Davis led his squadron on its first combat mission on June 2. This saw the 99th attack the island of Pantelleria in preparation for the invasion of Sicily. Leading the 99th through the summer, Davis men performed well, though Momyer reported otherwise to the War Department and stated that African-American pilots were inferior. As the US Army Air Forces were assessing the creation of additional all-black units, US Army Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall ordered the issue studied. As a result, Davis received orders to return to Washington in September to testify before the Advisory Committee on Negro Troop Policies. Delivering impassioned testimony, he successfully defended the 99ths combat record and paved the way for the formation of new units. Given command of the new 332nd Fighter Group, Davis prepared the unit for service overseas. 332nd Fighter Group Consisting of four all-black squadrons, including the 99th, Davis new unit began operating from Ramitelli, Italy in late spring 1944. Consistent with his new command, Davis was promoted to colonel on May 29. Initially equipped with Bell P-39 Airacobras, the 332nd transitioned to the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt in June. Leading from the front, Davis personally led the 332nd on several occasions including during an escort mission which saw Consolidated B-24 Liberators strike Munich. Switching to the North American P-51 Mustang in July, the 332nd began to earn a reputation as one of the best fighter units in the theater. Known as the Red Tails due to the distinctive markings on their aircraft, Davis men compiled an impressive record through the end of the war in Europe and excelled as bomber escorts. During his time in Europe, Davis flew sixty combat missions and won the Silver Star and Distinguished Flying Cross. Postwar On July 1, 1945, Davis received orders to take command of the 477th Composite Group. Consisting of the 99th Fighter Squadron and the all-black 617th and 618th Bombardment Squadrons, Davis was tasked with preparing the group for combat. Beginning work, the war ended before the unit was ready to deploy. Remaining with the unit after the war, Davis shifted to the newly formed US Air Force in 1947. Following President Harry S. Trumans executive order, which desegregated the US military in 1948, Davis aided in integrating the US Air Force. The next summer, he attended the Air War College becoming the first African-American to graduate from an American war college. After completing his studies in 1950, he served as chief of the Air Defense Branch of Air Force operations. In 1953, with the Korean War raging, Davis received command of the 51st Fighter-Interceptor Wing. Based in Suwon, South Korea, he flew the North American F-86 Sabre. In 1954, he shifted to Japan for service with the Thirteenth Air Force (13 AF). Promoted to brigadier general that October, Davis became vice commander of 13 AF the following year. In this role, he aided in rebuilding the Nationalist Chinese air force on Taiwan. Ordered to Europe in 1957, Davis became chief of staff for the Twelfth Air Force at Ramstein Air Base in Germany. That December, he began service as chief of staff for operations, Headquarters US Air Forces in Europe. Promoted to major general in 1959, Davis returned home in 1961 and assumed the office of Director of Manpower and Organization. In April 1965, after several years of Pentagon service, Davis was promoted to lieutenant general and assigned as chief of staff for the United Nations Command and US Forces in Korea. Two years later, he moved south to take command of the Thirteenth Air Force, which was then based in the Philippines. Remaining there for twelve months, Davis became deputy commander in chief, US Strike Command in August 1968, and also served as commander-in-chief, Middle-East, Southern Asia, and Africa. On February 1, 1970, Davis ended his thirty-eight-year career and retired from active duty. Later Life Accepting a position with the US Department of Transportation, Davis became Assistant Secretary of Transportation for Environment, Safety, and Consumer Affairs in 1971. Serving for four years, he retired in 1975. In 1998, President Bill Clinton promoted Davis to general in recognition of his achievements. Suffering from Alzheimers disease, Davis died at Walter Reed Army Medical Center on July 4, 2002. Thirteen days later, he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery as a red-tailed P-51 Mustang flew overhead. Selected Sources US Air Force: General Benjamin O. Davis, Jr.Aviation History: Benjamin DavisNational Park Service: Benjamin O. Davis

Multinational buainess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Multinational buainess - Essay Example At the present economic environment such theories and models are considered to be very important as the importance of multinational organizations to the global economy has increased significantly. Dunning’s eclectic paradigm theory is one of the most widely discussed theories in the world of international production. This paper attempts to present a clear description of this theory and several of its dimensions. The paper also includes a proper analysis of the criticisms that the Dunning’s model has faced over the years. There are several other theories on the similar subject and Dunning’s theory can be compared with those to analysis the effectiveness of it. This paper includes such a comparative analysis that is likely to help an individual to have a clear conception regarding the entire picture of such theories. Academic Literature John H Dunning is famous in the international business arena for his ‘Eclectic Paradigm’ theory. It is actually the i ntegration of several theories on internationalization. It covers many mainstream theories such as Ohlin and Heckscher’s ‘factor endowment theory’, Coase’s ‘trasaction cost theory’, Hymer’s ‘monopolistic advantage theory’ and ‘internalization theory’ of Casson and Buckley. In 1976, Dunning presented the core concept of eclectic paradigm at Nobel Symposium which is located in Stockholm. The theory explains precisely why a firm should go global. Dunning attempted to provide a clear and complete explanation regarding international production. He has consistently supplemented and improved his theory in accordance to various developments in the global economic environment and also in accordance to several constructive criticisms. Dunning opined that there are three conditions that have significant influence over the firm’s decision regarding transnational production. In other words, a firm will involve in â⠂¬Ëœinternational production’ if these three conditions are met. The three conditions are 1) ‘ownership-specific advantages’, 2) ‘internalization advantages’ and 3) ‘location specific advantages’ (Dicken, 2007). Each of them is properly described below. Ownership-Specific Advantages According to Dunning, an organization must have some ownership specific advantages which are not possessed by the rival organizations of other countries. The basis of this theory of Dunning lies in the ‘Monopolistic Advantage Theory’ that was developed by Hymer. According to Dunning, ownership specific advantages â€Å"must be sufficient to compensate for the costs of setting up and operating a foreign value-adding operation in addition to those faced by indigenous producers or potential producers† (Dunning, 1981). These advantages are like ‘internal assets’ of a firm which is the sole owner of them. Ownership specific advanta ges can be gained from the factors like technology, knowledge, internal brands, human resources etc. (Dicken, 2007). In the words of Dunning, ownership specific advantages â€Å"need not arise from multinationality† (Perry, 1992). These advantages

Cloud computing and IT management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cloud computing and IT management - Essay Example Rapid developments in the fields of computers and communications technologies have enabled information technology to secure a commanding position in all walks of life ranging from financial transactions through entertainment to water supplies. Surprisingly, healthcare systems – a domain of high social relevance, world over can be considered as laggards in adopting information technologies (Braa et al. 1). The prime issues those are challenging healthcare IT are (Hersh, 2273): Despite these challenges, forward looking and IT savvy clinicians are trying their best to lead the adoption drive in their respective healthcare set ups, the day is not far when IT applications in healthcare will merge into mainstream healthcare delivery systems. Telemedicine (use of information technologies like internet to deliver healthcare services at a distance) is one applications of HealthIT that has the potential to not only address some of the intransigent healthcare issues but is also promising enough from a business perspective. Telemedicine enables delivery of healthcare services and medical education from one geographical location to another primarily to address challenges like uneven distribution and shortage of infrastructural and human resources. Tertiary hospitals can set up peripheral hospitals in remote and isolated areas these and these peripheral hospitals can have telemedicine linkages via internet with the tertiary level (referral) hospital primarily to extend the reach of specialized medical services to remote and isolated cases. This type of business concept has been used by a number of healthcare service providers around the globe. Slowly and steadily such services are not only bridging the digital divide but are also acting as pathways for revenue generation. 2. Brown, E.D. "Risks and issues in Cloud Computing." Eric D Brown: Technology, Strategy, People and Projects 2 Feb 2009: n. pag. Web. 4 Nov 2009.